Problem
The machines used in haemodialysis treatment require water that is of low conductivity, pH-balanced and free of bacteria. Single-stage treatment was not enough to provide the purity needed for the clinic's dialysis unit continuously and safely.
Solution
- Chlorination, sand and carbon filtration after the raw water tank and booster set
- Uninterrupted hardness removal with duplex softening, antiscalant dosing
- RO1750 first pass and a pH-controlled dosing system
- Re-treatment of the product water with an RO1250 second pass
- Demineralisation stage and redox-controlled final dosing
- Balanced distribution to the machines with a treated water tank and booster set
- UV disinfection and 0.22 micron endotoxin filtration after the treated water tank
Result
The clinic's dialysis unit runs on pure water that has passed through double-pass reverse osmosis; duplex softening keeps the line running without interruption, while pH- and redox-controlled dosing ensures the water reaches the machines at suitable values. After the treated water tank, the UV system inactivates bacteria and germs that may enter from the air; because the dead bacteria inactivated by UV remain in the water, they are removed with a 0.22 micron endotoxin filter.
Technical specifications
Double-pass reverse osmosis line
| System type | Double-pass reverse osmosis |
|---|---|
| 1st pass | RO1750 reverse osmosis unit, 42,000 L/day |
| 2nd pass | RO1250 reverse osmosis unit, 30,000 L/day |
| Pretreatment | Sand filter, activated carbon filter, duplex softening |
| Dosing | Chlorine, antiscalant, pH-controlled and redox-controlled |
| Final stage | Demineralisation |
| Storage | Raw water, intermediate transfer and treated water tanks |
| Pressurisation | Raw water and treated water booster sets |
| Disinfection | UV system after the treated water tank |
| Endotoxin filter | 0.22 micron, removal of dead bacteria |
